Physical Properties of Steel: (I.S.800 Clause 2.2.4, Page 12)
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Physical properties of steel largely depend on chemical composition, rolling thickness, Heat treatment and
stress theory.
1)
Modulus of Elasticity (E) = 2 x 105 N/mm2.
2)
Shear Modulus (G) = 0.769 x 102 N/mm2.
3)
Poisons Ratio (μ) = Elastic range -0.3
Plastic
range-0.5
4)
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (α) = 12 x 10-6/0C
5)
Unit mass of Steel (੧)
= 7850 Kg/m3.
Chemical Properties of Steel:
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Chemical
composition of some of Steels are carbon, sulphur, manganese and silicon. out
of these carbons has maximum influence on the physical and Mechanical
properties of steel.
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The alloys
containing up to 2% of carbon are called as “Carbon Steel” and
those having more than 2% of carbon are called as “Cast Steel”.
1)
cast iron (2% to 4% carbon)
2)
wrought iron (0.15% carbon)
3)
Steel (0.25% to1.5% carbon)
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If carbon content
in steel increases the tensile strength also increases but the ductility
decreases and causing the Steel to be more brittle.
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If carbon content
in steel reduces the tensile strength also decreases but the ductility increases
and causing the Steel to be softer.
Mechanical Properties of Steel:
1)
Elasticity
2)
Plasticity
3)
Ductility
4)
Brittleness
5)
Hardness
6)
Fatigue
7)
Creep
8)
Malleability
9)
Slow Deformation
10)
Yield Stress
11)
Ultimate Stress
12)
Percentage of Elongation
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Malleability is a
property of material due to which it can be rolled into thin sheet without
roughness. It can be stretched bend and twisted under a high stress before
failure.